{"id":27405,"date":"2016-03-09T15:26:18","date_gmt":"2016-03-09T18:26:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.rioonwatch.org\/?p=27405"},"modified":"2023-08-23T12:21:07","modified_gmt":"2023-08-23T15:21:07","slug":"network-of-mothers-against-state-violence-an-interview-with-monica-cunha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rioonwatch.org\/?p=27405","title":{"rendered":"Network of Mothers Against State Violence: An Interview with M\u00f4nica Cunha"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1USvsNF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>Clique aqui para Portugu\u00eas<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23766\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rioonwatch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/PT-e1439583827971.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1TdxuJ6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Amnesty International\u2019s State of Human Rights in the World Report<\/a>, released last month, describes Brazil\u2019s ongoing impunity with regard to <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1k3YzNi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">police violence<\/a>, and the increase in police violence levels in general, specifically in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Last year, more than 3,000 people nationwide were killed by on duty police, an increase of 37% compared to 2013, <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1TdxuJ6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to Amnesty<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Ten years ago, M\u00f4nica Cunha lost her son, Rafael da Silva Cunha, to police violence when he was 20 years old. From the moment Rafael entered the criminal justice system at 15, M\u00f4nica became active in the pursuit of reform and in support of other mothers with children in the system. We sat down with M\u00f4nica at the <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1pvQq9k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Network of Communities Against Violence<\/a> headquarters to talk about her life, her path as an activist and leader, the movement to reform the penal system, and the qualities and challenges of being a woman activist in Brazil.<\/p>\n<p>Between questions, M\u00f4nica advised a member of the Network on a case of <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1RQ8Jzd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">domestic violence<\/a>, she received a call about the birth of a baby girl\u2013and commented, in her words, \u201canother black warrior woman for the struggle,\u201d and then congratulated a technician working on the Internet for being a woman in a male-dominated field. Please read <em>RioOnWatch<\/em>\u2019s exclusive interview with M\u00f4nica this International Women\u2019s Day.<\/p>\n<h3>RioOnWatch: Where were you born?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4nica:<\/strong> I was born here in Rio, I was born in <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1VDtVgJ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Botafogo<\/a>. I joke with my girlfriends that I&#8217;m a <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1pfz23A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">South Zone<\/a> girl but I\u2019m already 51, and I\u2019ve lived mostly in <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1wAJ14x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Baixada Fluminense<\/a> and the <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1kZa3h9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">North Zone<\/a>. I was born in the South Zone, but I only stayed there until I was 15.<\/p>\n<h3>RioOnWatch: What is the Network of Communities Against Violence movement?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4nica:<\/strong> This space consists of mothers and families who have had loved ones <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1gCtmBB\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">killed by the State<\/a>. The Network was formed due to a <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1QJlokN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">massacre 12 years ago<\/a> in <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1DGhXtG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Morro do Borel<\/a>. The first mobilization was called \u201cCan I identify myself?\u201d It was in response to a massacre of five young people who could not be identified afterwards due to the conditions. [The police] branded the men by writing on their chests, alleging they were bandits, they were <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1vxXakT\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">traffickers<\/a>, and they killed them. And they were not. They were just young, Borel residents who were murdered by the police. All of these people, the relatives of favela massacres, were made aware of what happened and were outraged that people kept dying, over and over, in their favelas, and so they decided to join the cause.<\/p>\n<p>[The Network] has this space, which is a space far away from the community, away from the favela, far from any place that could be dangerous places. It is a neutral place. People here are not separated by factions [and the logic that] \u201cI\u2019ll just receive victims from a certain place.\u201d No! Here we work with victims from the whole of Rio de Janeiro state. Have you suffered any <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1JInIcG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">violation<\/a> by\u00a0the state of Rio? If so, you belong to the Network Against Violence.<\/p>\n<p>And the idea of the Network is also to be a core partner to centers being created inside specific favelas that give support within their own communities to family members who had a relative murdered. From the moment that they receive a victim, they make contact with us, and we start a partnership. We try to progress together, so that\u2019s really cool. It lets go a little of the centralization. The Network does not have to be centralized. You have to teach the favela how to deal with their own victims, and that is what the Network is doing. So this is also an expectation for 2016 and 2017, because today there are already centers in <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1sksV07\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Manguinhos<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1rIlhJj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cantagalo<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1nEeBwu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alem\u00e3o<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1lU6eQ0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pav\u00e3o-Pav\u00e3ozinho<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1DGhXtG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Borel<\/a>, and <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/ZoemOA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jacarezinho<\/a>, but we want to continue expanding to others.<\/p>\n<h3><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-content wp-image-27407\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rioonwatch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Monica-telefone-620x264.png\" alt=\"Monica-telefone\" width=\"620\" height=\"264\" \/><\/h3>\n<h3>RioOnWatch: In what other ways does the Network provide support to families?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4nica:<\/strong> Sometimes we need to take someone in who is suffering a violation immediately, someone facing persecution, who is being threatened. So we take care of them here for one or two days and then find another place for them to go. It\u2019s an immediate response\u2026 we take in people who receive police threats. This is real, because sometimes the person who was victimized really wants to talk, really wants to identify who it was and ends up negatively affected. Other times the person didn\u2019t experience the victimization personally, but perhaps saw a neighbor or someone else victimized and is tired of seeing it, so now this person has to speak out. When this happens the person is risking their own life. Because if the state will kill you, will it protect you? What security do you have? The state has a witness protection program, but today the program is a failure. We can\u2019t trust it.<\/p>\n<h3>RioOnWatch: Why are you in the Network? Why are you in this fight?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4nica:<\/strong> I was part of the Network\u2019s birth. But not because I had a loved one murdered at that time. I am the very proud mother of three sons. And I was an extremely proud mother of Rafael da Silva Cunha, who at age 15, became a teen who committed a nonviolent crime. And with that my struggle began.<\/p>\n<p>But at the time I had a life quite different to typical families with adolescents who commit misdemeanors. I was considered middle class. My children were studying at a private school and I lived a reasonable financial situation, so I thought this type of thing wouldn\u2019t happen to me, that I had no relation to it.<\/p>\n<p>We also know there\u2019s a part of this society that is more vulnerable to becoming the perpetrator of a crime because of how difficult life can be here. As much as I\u2019m telling you about my means at that time, I was a single mother. I had to support my kids, so I had to go out every day. This is a sexist country and we still suffer prejudices from this, so it was no different for me. I had to be a single mother and in that sense I had to educate my children, I had to work to support them, and they were left alone. And as they were no longer children but teenagers, they had to shape their lives by themselves.<\/p>\n<p>So I had this unpleasantness of having a child within the <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1OYRneN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Rio de Janeiro Department of General Socio-Educational Action<\/a> (DEGASE) youth correctional system, where I discovered a reality that I hadn\u2019t known. I really didn\u2019t even know it existed, because it\u2019s very easy when you only see it on television or in the newspaper.<\/p>\n<p>So I started to understand everything that I understand a bit more now: What leads these teenagers to commit offenses? There are several reasons. It is a lack of love, yes. Because the woman who works hard has everything on her shoulders. Because the woman performs multiple functions, then these multiple functions do not allow her the right to be free 24 hours attending to her children, watching over her kids like we should. We do not have these opportunities; we always have to struggle in this capitalist country where everything has a price, everything has a value. You have the value of how much you can do, then you end up hurting those we love most, our family, our children that we had out of love. This happened to me.<\/p>\n<h3>RioOnWatch: How did your activism start? What was the process?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4nica:<\/strong> I had to understand this process in my life. I had to get to know the <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1YsDLQa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Child and Adolescent Statute<\/a>. I had to learn that even the teenager who commits a crime has rights and isn&#8217;t a bandit like people say. He wasn\u2019t a monster, he wasn\u2019t an animal. I hadn\u2019t given birth to an animal, I hadn\u2019t given birth to a monster. I gave birth to a human being. I gave birth to a child, that came with a lot of love, a lot of affection. I gave him lots of love. I did everything like any other woman, like any other mother would do.<\/p>\n<p>So from that point on, with this interest and engagement, my activism started. It wasn\u2019t my intention. My intention was to end my son&#8217;s criminal acts. It was to free my son from that system. This was my intention but it opened up a way for me. We [women] are always leaders because who controls the house is the woman. I had this leadership inside my four walls there in my little life. I wasn\u2019t born a woman leader of the movement, I wasn\u2019t born a woman that inspires others to fight for their rights. When this woman was born, it made me so proud.<\/p>\n<h3><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-content wp-image-27335\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rioonwatch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Monica-Cunha-at-work_resize-620x264.jpg\" alt=\"Monica Cunha at work_resize\" width=\"620\" height=\"264\" \/><\/h3>\n<h3>RioOnWatch: What were the first things you noticed visiting the DEGASE unit?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4nica:<\/strong> There were three things I saw in the queues that called my attention. The first was the color. They were all black the same as me, so I soon realized that black women were the ones who suffer the most. It was the children of these women that were incarcerated. The second was that these women had low levels of schooling. They had life knowledge because all of them were working, but they all had little <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1yHzFH2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">education<\/a>. They didn\u2019t know how to read. I had a little bit more schooling than them. At that time I still only had primary school. Today I have completed high school and technical courses.<\/p>\n<p>I stood on a rock and started to read the Statute for the other mothers. An agent had given me the Statute and said I would find the answers to my questions there. I started to read it alone and really understand. I saw the necessity of the others also knowing, I said to myself \u201cAm I the only one that needs to know this? My son isn\u2019t there alone! The others also have to know.\u201d I\u2019d go to this rock. I\u2019d ask them to arrive early, all of them with the things that we took to our children:, biscuits, lunch and such. We put our bags on the ground and continued standing. I stood on the rock and started reading the parts of the Statute about youth that commit offenses.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, the other thing I noticed was that fathers in that moment didn\u2019t exist. There was a line of 40 or 50 mothers, aunts, grandmothers, and maybe two or three fathers. So where were these men? Their presence makes a difference and they weren&#8217;t there. They hide; they\u2019re cowards. It\u2019s not just the state that violates us, humiliates us, oppresses us, but the men who are the fathers of our children, rarely are they with us, rarely are they partners. If they are fathers, friends, companions, they should come with us.<\/p>\n<h3>RioOnWatch: And how was it that by reading the Statute to the other mothers the Moleque Movement was born?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4nica:<\/strong> In article 227 of the Statute it says that all human beings, all adolescents, all children, have <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1um7WLt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rights<\/a>: to have dignified <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1zOpGkf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">housing<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1qLX7zT\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">education<\/a>, and to life with a family. Even if he has committed a crime, he cannot be treated the same as an adult gangster criminal. He doesn\u2019t serve a sentence, and the socio-educational methods should be there to rehabilitate this teenager into society. This was a watershed moment, not just for me but for the other women too. We understood what had happened to us and from these articles of the Statute, we began to question: why? When a favela resident is beaten or cursed by the police, it\u2019s not unintentional. Why does this not happen [to teens] in <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1VmcYDA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Leblon<\/a>? This has a why. It is this why you have to look for.<\/p>\n<p>The state takes our children, the state takes our money, the state oppresses us, but it can\u2019t take our knowledge. It only takes that when it kills us. And the knowledge we have when we get together with university learning becomes much stronger, even when the mothers and families don\u2019t have a college education. The mother\u2019s knowledge is very strong because it\u2019s carried in your body, your soul, your skin, the pain of being violated. What this woman has to say and show is very strong because she has to make a difference. This is how the <a href=\"http:\/\/on.fb.me\/1LbJlEx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Moleque Movement<\/a> was born. It doesn\u2019t have its own space and it is one of the movements within the Network.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-content wp-image-27408\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rioonwatch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Monica-palestrando-1-620x264.jpg\" alt=\"Monica-palestrando-1\" width=\"620\" height=\"264\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>RioOnWatch: What is your opinion of DEGASE?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4nica:<\/strong> DEGASE should be a rehabilitation unit. I don\u2019t think it is. On the contrary it prepares adolescents\u2014not to become bandits\u2014but to commit petty crimes. They\u2019re not bandits. The real bandits are in Bras\u00edlia with white collars and ties. That\u2019s the gangster. No. The DEGASE unites prepare teenagers to be killed. And today things are so bad that boys aren\u2019t even going into the DEGASE unit because they\u2019re dying first.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s not to become gangsters. There isn\u2019t a way for them to become gangsters. They\u2019re not drug lords. They\u2019re not the ones who get the drugs in their homes. They\u2019re not the ones who go and get the drug traffic\u2019s guns. These boys hardly even know the favela where they live. They don\u2019t even go to the shopping mall near their homes. How can they go to Paraguay, Colombia, get drugs, get guns from the United States? They\u2019re not the gangsters that society thinks they are.<\/p>\n<h3>RioOnWatch: Where did Rafael grow up? What was he like? What did he like to do?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4nica:<\/strong> Rafael was raised in the North Zone, in the Riachuelo neighborhood.<br \/>\nLook, Rafeal was gorgeous. He was mixed race and had green eyes. He was beautiful. He loved life. We had this in common, both being Virgos. It\u2019s a characteristic of Virgos \u2013 we love life. My son had this love of life. He was a real ladies man, and he was respectful as far as possible. He really didn\u2019t think teenagers could be rehabilitated, even after he became a young man because when he went through the system he saw how outrageous it was. He\u2019d say to me: \u201cMom, no one gets out of there, no one manages to get out to work and live a normal life.\u201d He was caring. I remember on Mother\u2019s Day he led the morning parade to wish me Happy Mother\u2019s Day, running toward me with a present made at school because he wanted to be the first to give his present. He was my partner, my friend, the first person to take me to a <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1mTRj32\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">funk<\/a> party. Not that the others aren\u2019t my friend, but he was more so.<\/p>\n<h3>RioOnWatch: How did he die? How did it happen?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4nica:<\/strong> My son was killed on December 5, 2006. He was on his knees. It happened in Riachuelo, which has two favelas, <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1IfzvhN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Rato Molhado<\/a> and Jacar\u00e9. He was killed there between one favela and the other, on his knees in the middle of the street by Civil Police officers. There wasn\u2019t a shootout. They tried to register it an \u201c<em><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1PnrN3O\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">auto de resist\u00eancia<\/a><\/em>\u201d [the term for deaths caused when suspects resist arrest], but it wasn\u2019t, it was a summary execution. It is summary execution when the person is on his knees, one person above the other with a gun. He was called Rafael de Silva Cunha and he was 20 years old. He started committing crimes at 15 and was killed aged 20. He lasted five years in that life.<\/p>\n<h3>RioOnWatch: How did Rafael\u2019s death affect you?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4nica:<\/strong> At the time it was a huge blow, as it clearly is for all of us. But for me, since I came from this movement, I had been almost positive that I had my son to serve as a lesson for others. When he was killed I was lost in time, in the moment. I didn\u2019t take the appropriate action that today I make a point of advising and orienting all mothers to take which is to get justice. I didn\u2019t do this, not out of weakness or fear, but because I was devastated, completely devastated. I isolated myself. Even though I belonged to the movement, I insisted on isolating myself and not letting anyone get close to me. I went into a very deep depression. I had my youngest son, today he\u2019s 22 but at the time was 12. I tried to fill the gap with him as a way to forget and the years passed by like this.<\/p>\n<p>The pain is deep. \u201cAh it\u2019s not a physical pain.\u201d It is a physical pain, I\u2019m telling you. The pain in my soul, the pain in my bones, the pain in my head\u2013I developed real illnesses. I say that the State gives you a full kit: depression, panic attacks, cancer. It\u2019s a kit.<\/p>\n<h3>RioOnWatch: What was the impact on your family? On your community?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4nica:<\/strong> It had a huge impact, huge. The impact is devastating for everyone. I was in a relationship with his father, but when it happened\u2026 well, you keep wanting to find people to blame. Not just the state, but in that first moment you want to find people around you to blame. You feel guilty because you weren\u2019t there at that moment, you weren\u2019t there to grab the police officer\u2019s hand and take his gun. You feel guilty because you weren\u2019t with his father\u2026 He could have done something if he were by your side.<\/p>\n<p>There\u2019s so much blaming that you put it on yourself. At the time everyone\u2026 my mother, father, uncle, anyone who didn\u2019t help me I blamed. I was very alone trying to get him away from crime, so when he was killed I was outraged with the world. I refused to seek help in that moment and that was when I became ill. It\u2019s not that you don\u2019t get ill when you have support, because the pain is so deep, but I felt even worse pain.<\/p>\n<h3>RioOnWatch: How did you resolve to continue in the struggle with all this pain?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4nica:<\/strong> Now, I had to make this struggle a real fight because you look at yourself and look at your young child and see that he needs you. Also, cell phones already existed and I had mothers calling me saying they needed me and needed my strength. It was this that pulled me out of the hole. I gained strength to be in the fight again. And so I went, stumbling along because I\u2019ll never be whole again. I say that like this we can\u2019t have happiness. We have happy moments. But we have to survive like this, because after you lose a child, you survive. Every day will be another day.<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019m the mother of two other children and have six grandchildren. My oldest grandchild is 15 years old. The youngest is Valentina who\u2019s two months old. There are all these people who I love very much, who I want to see grow up and marry. I want to believe, I need to believe, that my family can carry on normally. That I have my children, they grow up, become adults, marry, leave home, build their families \u2013 the normal cycle of life. I don\u2019t want to believe that what happened to me, having a child killed and die before me, that this is normal. This is not normal.<\/p>\n<p>To get here today, I need these people [from the Network], I need to be here, I need to be together with them. Today it\u2019s not just something I do because I enjoy it or because I admire the work. It\u2019s because I need to do this and don\u2019t know how to do anything else. I don\u2019t know how to live without being part of this movement. This movement takes care of me and keeps me alive. The more I learn, the more I can pass on. It\u2019s the movement that sustains us and keeps us on our feet, because we all have other children, we all have families. We\u2019re wives, lovers, women, some have degrees, we\u2019re workers, grandmothers, aunts\u2013how does this other side of life continue? Only this union makes us able to understand and continue.<\/p>\n<h3><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-27395 size-content\" title=\"M\u00f4nica, second from right, with relatives of victims of police violence\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rioonwatch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/11205127_828966260521765_1650953806014229892_n-620x264.jpg\" alt=\"M\u00f4nica, second from right, with relatives of victims of police violence\" width=\"620\" height=\"264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rioonwatch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/11205127_828966260521765_1650953806014229892_n-620x264.jpg 620w, https:\/\/rioonwatch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/11205127_828966260521765_1650953806014229892_n-940x400.jpg 940w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/h3>\n<h3>RioOnWatch: What do you think is different about the experience of being a woman activist?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4nica:<\/strong> We believe that a woman can change her story \u2013 she can change. How does this happen? Through bringing this knowledge, taking that woman from inside her home, making her coffee and listening to the radio and showing her she can be empowered. It\u2019s showing her a Statute, the constitution, and that these bodies exist. It\u2019s showing her that she has to make demands. It\u2019s showing her that we are the public. The public isn\u2019t an abstract thing, it\u2019s us! This money is taken from our pockets. And so this woman makes the difference, with her son and her husband. You have to seek it. This is the main aim of Moleque and the Network.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s placing this woman on the frontline, but this empowered woman doesn\u2019t let men or society encourage this idea that women only go out to shout and fight. No. Women shout for their rights, for their children, for their husbands. When a man is imprisoned it\u2019s the woman who visits. When a child is imprisoned it\u2019s the woman who visits. When a child dies, the first person at the funeral is the woman. So this woman fights for her rights, for her being.<\/p>\n<p>And the desire, as I\u2019ve said, is the power to be born again through knowledge, because when this woman starts to know her rights and options, she changes. She doesn\u2019t do this alone. She brings multitudes of women together: her daughter, her cousin, she makes coffee and a snack and passes on all that she\u2019s learned. I think this experience of exchange that we have is fabulous. I think it\u2019s very rich that a woman never wants to keep the knowledge she\u2019s learned just for herself\u2013she insists on passing it on, and without needing to know the person or have a connection! She\u2019s at the bus stop and you\u2019re crying and she\u2019s there!<\/p>\n<h3>RioOnWatch: And the challenges?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4nica:<\/strong> Look, the challenge is being a woman in this country today. Always, not just today. Always. Today it\u2019s a bit better because we have access to knowledge. We didn\u2019t in the past. Then we were totally oppressed by the father, grandfather, then by the husband and even the son when he became a man. Today no. Today we go for ourselves. There can be an oppression, but we go. We get together, we protest. But it\u2019s difficult being a mother, very difficult. And particularly being a black woman, that\u2019s even more difficult because the black woman has the color of her skin which brings <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1ttMnJX\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">racial discrimination<\/a>. In this society having her body and black color is an even greater challenge. Every day you have to prove that you\u2019re a black woman but you work hard, you have rights, you have the right to live, to give birth, you have the right to raise your children, you have the right to work and earn a decent salary, you have the right to get involved with politics. The challenge is a lot greater as a black woman.<\/p>\n<h3>RioOnWatch: What is the most important message you would give to a young person frustrated with the way things are or is interested in engaging in social issues?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4nica<\/strong>: I think this teenager, this young person, needs to understand: What is this place? What city is this? That some can and others can\u2019t? Why is it that the mayor or the governor of Rio de Janeiro prohibit youth, children and adolescents, that live in favelas or the Baixada or North Zone from <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1NtC1nQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">frequenting the South Zone beaches<\/a>? Why is that? Why does the mayor order puddles, not beaches, to be made in Madureira and Ramos? Because he\u2019s nice and wants us to have fun? No, because they want to create an apartheid.<\/p>\n<p>When these youth have the awareness that they are human beings, they have rights, that the city and the state are theirs, something changes. When human beings, mainly women, are more empowered and put themselves out there more to try and end this separation, you can be sure that we\u2019ll actually take power. But with consciousness, not taking power for the sake of it, but with consciousness.<\/p>\n<h3>RioOnWatch: How would you like to see the presence of the police in the community? What would be your ideal for public security?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4nica:<\/strong> First, removing the police. This police isn\u2019t about <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/ZdoIRD\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public security<\/a>, not here and not in China. For the love of God why are the police in the community? The plans when the <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1lIGSxv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pacifying Police Unit (UPP)<\/a> program was launched <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1pPLsll\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">were very beautiful<\/a>. But in practice this became a disgrace. The UPP is nothing more than a killing police. It can\u2019t exist this way, going into the schools inside the favela, terrifying the students.<\/p>\n<p>Obviously it will be very difficult for the police not to exist in Rio, in Brazil. I even think this is a utopia. But it shouldn\u2019t exist in this form. This form doesn\u2019t work. This form just kills, mutilates, destroys. And there\u2019s only one group within society that is affected: <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1N6gQp9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">poor, black favela residents<\/a>. It\u2019s just for us. So let\u2019s start experimenting a police that\u2019s like that for everyone, because once it starts affecting them the same way it affects us, they will want to make it different.<\/p>\n<h3>RioOnWatch: Is there anything else you\u2019d like to add?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4nica:<\/strong> This isn\u2019t normal. The state can\u2019t kill the way it\u2019s killing. The State can\u2019t punish us the way it is punishing us. Because what the state does, when we see these killings, it\u2019s very serious. You are certain you live in a state that is racist, that commits <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1N6gQp9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">genocide<\/a>. I don\u2019t want this for myself. I don\u2019t want this for my grandchildren, my great-grandchildren. I want change. I won\u2019t say I want a utopia and everything pink and blue, none of that. But I want a fair country, a dignified country. [Rafael] was a human being like anyone. In the end he became a criminal yes, but I shouldn\u2019t be isolated for this. I shouldn\u2019t be lost for this. I shouldn\u2019t have to live my days like it\u2019s the end of the world, like I\u2019m an aberration, for this. No, of course not. This is what I believe. This is what I work for.<\/p>\n<p>And that this day, March 8, 2016, in the year we\u2019re in, that women actually unite, independent of color and where they live, that they don\u2019t let their children, their youngsters, be killed in the way they\u2019re being killed. And that all these women take as belonging to them each child and youth that dies in this state, feel as though they were hers, someone you\u2019d given birth to. That\u2019s how we\u2019ll make the difference. Not looking at the boy in the street as someone else\u2019s child, but as if he were your own child. When we understand something as our own, we want change. When we say \u201clook he\u2019s someone else\u2019s,\u201d we don\u2019t care. That\u2019s it.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Clique aqui para Portugu\u00eas Amnesty International\u2019s State of Human Rights in the World Report, released last month, describes Brazil\u2019s ongoing impunity with regard to police violence, and the increase in police violence levels in general, <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/rioonwatch.org\/?p=27405\" title=\"Network of Mothers Against State Violence: An Interview with M\u00f4nica Cunha\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":27396,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1277,1288,1290,1284,336,1329],"tags":[255,460,804,67,2961,125,436,25,1963,262,637,3533,213,37,17,917,1189,1157,156,268,1017,1385],"writer":[1946],"translator":[407,1962,1729],"illustrator":[],"photographer":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-27405","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-uppwatch","8":"category-highlight","9":"category-civilsociety","10":"category-interviews-profiles","11":"category-violations","12":"category-by-international-observers","13":"tag-activism","14":"tag-baixada-fluminense","15":"tag-borel","16":"tag-botafogo","17":"tag-degase","18":"tag-drug-traffic","19":"tag-gender","20":"tag-human-rights","21":"tag-international-womens-day","22":"tag-interview","23":"tag-manguinhos","24":"tag-monica-cunha","25":"tag-rede-contra-violencia","26":"tag-north-zone","27":"tag-police-brutality","28":"tag-police-reform","29":"tag-racism","30":"tag-rato-molhado","31":"tag-south-zone","32":"tag-state-violence","33":"tag-childrens-rights","34":"tag-violence","35":"writer-anna-cash","36":"translator-elizabeth-gladding","37":"translator-felicity-clarke","38":"translator-sheila-taylor"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rioonwatch.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27405","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rioonwatch.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rioonwatch.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rioonwatch.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rioonwatch.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=27405"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rioonwatch.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27405\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rioonwatch.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/27396"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rioonwatch.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=27405"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rioonwatch.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=27405"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rioonwatch.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=27405"},{"taxonomy":"writer","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rioonwatch.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fwriter&post=27405"},{"taxonomy":"translator","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rioonwatch.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftranslator&post=27405"},{"taxonomy":"illustrator","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rioonwatch.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fillustrator&post=27405"},{"taxonomy":"photographer","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rioonwatch.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fphotographer&post=27405"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}